To allow people on your network to access the NetWinder, you will need to create
accounts for them. If required, you may also want to organize users with similar
needs into user groups.
Each person who wants to use the NetWinder for file server access, discussion
groups, InfoPlace or e-mail will need a user account. A user account allows
people to identify themselves to the NetWinder.
To add a user or change a user's information, you need to visit the
Users page from the NetWinder Administration page. It looks
like this:
To create a new user, click Add a new user at the bottom of the
Users page. You'll see a page that looks like this:
Fill in this form to create the user account. This is the information you need
to provide:
Username. This is the short name that the NetWinder system uses to keep track of the user,
and which is used in his or her e-mail address. For example, a good Username
for Fred Fiddle might be ffiddle. That way, his e-mail address would be something like ffiddle@rebel.com (if your company's network name is rebel.com).
Naturally, each user on the system must have a unique username.
Note: User account names are case sensitive - michael
is not the same as Michael.
Full name. In our example, that's Fred Fiddle. The NetWinder doesn't actually use this information for anything, so it's marked
as "(opt)" (optional). Still, it's usually easier for you to keep track
of your users if you enter the full name now.
Phone number. This is another field that the NetWinder doesn't use directly. If you fill this
in, however, other NetWinder users will be able to find this person's phone
number when they visit the Users page.
Comment. Fill in any additional information about the user here (their position and department,
for example), if you would like to have it published in the user listing.
Password. You know all about passwords. This is the one the user will need, along with
his or her username, to gain access to the NetWinder.
The password will not display as you type it. To make sure you entered it correctly,
type it again on the (confirm) line.
Disk quota. If this user will use the NetWinder to store a personal web page, e-mail, or
other files, you can limit the amount of disk space he or she may use. The
value is expressed in megabytes (MB or millions of bytes).
If you set this value to zero, the user can use as much disk space as required
until the server fills up. More frequently, the limit is set at 5 to 15
megabytes.
Click the Save button once you've entered all the information.
You can change an existing user's settings or remove the user from the system
in much the same way as you create a new user.
From the Users page, find the user you want to edit or remove, and then click the word Edit or Remove that appears next to the user's name. If you use Edit, you will be sent to the same screen that you saw in the Creating Users section. If you use Remove, you will first be asked to confirm the change, and then the user account will
be deleted.
Copyright (c) 1995-1998 The Apache Group. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
software must display the following acknowledgment:
"This product includes software developed by the Apache Group
for use in the Apache HTTP server project (http://www.apache.org/)."
4. The names "Apache Server" and "Apache Group" must not be used to
endorse or promote products derived from this software without
prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
apache@apache.org.
5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache"
nor may "Apache" appear in their names without prior written
permission of the Apache Group.
6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
acknowledgment:
"This product includes software developed by the Apache Group
for use in the Apache HTTP server project (http://www.apache.org/)."
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE APACHE GROUP ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE GROUP OR
ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
individuals on behalf of the Apache Group and was originally based
on public domain software written at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
For more information on the Apache Group and the Apache HTTP server
project, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.
Acknowledgements
----------------
We wish to acknowledge the following copyrighted works that make up
portions of the Apache software:
Portions of this software were developed at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
This software contains code derived from the RSA Data Security Inc. MD5
Message-Diest Algorithm, including various modifications by Spyglass Inc., Caregie Mellon University, and Bell Communications Research, Inc.
(Bellcore).
This package contains software written and copyrighted by Henry Spencer:
Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Henry Spencer. All rights reserved.
This software is not subject to any license of the American Telephone
and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University of California.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on
any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it, subject
to the following restrictions:
1. The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of this
software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by
explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.
3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.
4. This notice may not be removed or altered.
This package contains software written by the University of California:
Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
Configuring Your NetWinder to Assign IP Addresses Automatically
We recommend that your use the NetWinder as your DHCP (dynamic host configuration
protocol) server. When you do so, the NetWinder will automatically assign IP
addresses to computers on your internal network:
Note: If your network already has a separate DHCP server or if you
prefer not to have a DHCP server, then skip this section.
From the OfficeServer Administration Mode screen, click on Services
to see a list of services available on the OfficeServer.
Click on Configure for the DHCP Server.
Review the settings of the DHCP Server. The default Subnet Address and
Netmask do not need to be changed in most cases.
Enter your domain name.
Enter the IP address of your router (gateway). This is the IP address of
your NetWinder, assuming that you are using it as your Internet gateway.
Only change the First and Last DHCP address if you have more than the 21
users allowed by the default.
Click Save to return to the services list. Check that the service
is shown as Running, and not Stopped. The DHCP server is now active. That
is all that you need to do on the OfficeServer to configure DHCP.
When you click Backup & Restore from the System administration
page, you will be offered a screen that allows you to back up and restore NetWinder
system files using your web browser.
When you request a backup, your NetWinder will send you an NWB
(NetWinder Backup) file containing all the files you request, stored in a special
format. You can later restore these files using the System Restore option farther down the page.
The different types of backups are as follows:
Full system backup. This combines the three options below. It can be as small as 15 megabytes or
very large, depending on how many files are stored on the NetWinder.
The full system backup is the easiest way to back up all your files at once.
Home directories. This backs up only the personal files belonging to your NetWinder users. You
should do this often (ideally, once a day), in case users delete or damage
their files by accident. The size varies depending on how much disk space
your users use. It can be as little as 2 megabytes or as much as several
gigabytes.
NOTE: This does not include each user's e-mail box, which must be backed up separately.
Configuration files. This only backs up the NetWinder configuration settings. It is important to
do this before making any major configuration changes, so that you can restore
them if you make a mistake. It's a good idea to keep old versions as well;
the file is usually less than 3 megabytes.
User mail spools. This backs up e-mail belonging to your users. It varies in size depending on
how much e-mail your users receive, and how much they leave sitting on the
NetWinder for long periods of time.
If you corrupt the firewall settings, you can disable the firewall, reboot your
NetWinder and repair the settings. To disable the firewall, you need to run
the following command from the number sign prompt:
chkconfig firewall off
press the orange reset button on the top of your NetWinder twice quickly to
reboot without the firewall. You should then be able to access the web-based
configuration system and correct the firewall settings permanently.
Copyright (c) The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
Configuring Windows, Macintosh or UNIX Workstations
for Your OfficeServer Network
Once you have activated your OfficeServer's DHCP feature, you are ready to
configure the rest of the computers on the network, including the workstation
used to set up the NetWinder initially.
With DHCP active, the NetWinder can automatically assign a valid IP address
and netmask, as well as the address of your default gateway (router), to each
computer on your network.
Note: Again, the following instructions use the example of a Windows
system, but the principles apply to all common desktop operating systems.
Perform the procedure below for each and every computer workstation on your
network.
Go to the Windows Control Panel and click on Network.
Click on TCP/IP Settings. Click on the IP Address tab; choose
Obtain an IP Address Automatically.
Now click the DNS Configuration tab. Enter the computer name under
Host (this should be different for every workstation). If you have
a registered domain, enter it in Domain. If you don't have a domain
name, leave this field blank.
Set your computer's DNS server setting to the IP address of the NetWinder
OfficeServer.
The resulting DNS configuration tab should look something like this:
Click OK and reboot the computer to activate the new settings.
Congratulations! You have now finished configuring your NetWinder.
To take full advantages of the OfficeServer features, we suggest reading the
rest of this User Manual.
Should you need to shut down your NetWinder for any reason, please follow
the steps in the next section.
doc/connectether.html 100644 764 764 6723 6762517777 13753 0 ustar httpd httpd
If you want to connect to the Internet via xDSL modem, cable modem or ISDN router
If you want to connect to the Internet via xDSL
modem, cable modem or ISDN router
Connect the external network ethernet cable supplied with your modem or
router to the port labelled 10baseT on the NetWinder back panel and
to your modem/router.
From the OfficeServer Administration Mode screen, click on Network
to see the current network configuration.
Click on Change these parameters.
Using values supplied by your ISP, fill in the Eth0 Parameters section.
Click dynamic if your ISP uses dynamic host configuration protocol
or DHCP (most do). Otherwise, select static.
Type the ISP's nameserver (DNS) and gateway (router) data in the top portion
of the Network parameters page.
Click yes for Packet Forwarding so that everyone on your
internal network has e-mail and Internet access.
Click Save to activate the changes.
Note: For more detailed information on ethernet settings, see the
OfficeServer User Manual chapter entitled Network
Settings.
If you want to connect to the
Internet via modem or ISDN terminal adapter
doc/connectserial.html 100644 764 764 7453 6762517777 14124 0 ustar httpd httpd
If you want to connect to the Internet via modem or ISDN terminal adapter
If you want to connect to the Internet via modem or ISDN terminal adapter
Connect your modem's serial cable to the port marked Serial on the
NetWinder back panel. Turn your modem on and make sure you are connected to
a phone line.
From the OfficeServer Administration Mode screen, click on Network
to see the current network configuration.
Click on PPP Dialer (in the menu at the top of the page) to view
your dial-up connection.
Click on Edit the dialer configuration at the bottom of the page.
Enter your user name, password, phone number and modem speed into the form.
(The default settings for Init String, flow control, local and remote IP address
should be unchanged.) However, for ISDN devices, you may need to edit the
Init string. You will find the correct settings in your modem manual.
Click dynamic if your ISP uses dynamic host configuration protocol
or DHCP (most do).
If you only want to connect to the Internet automatically as required,
click On demand. If you want to be connected all the time during certain
hours, specify these in the line Up from ___ to ____.
Click Save to activate the changes.
Note: For more detailed information on PPP Dialer settings, see
the OfficeServer User Manual chapter entitled Network
Settings.
If you have purchased a NetWinder and need fairly technical assistance, we welcome
you to http://www.netwinder.org, which
is the focal point of Linux development on the NetWinder products.
Each person who wants to post in a public discussion forum needs to register
a special "discussions" account. This can be done automatically by clicking
the Register button that appears at the top of the discussions page.
If you are using a private discussion forum, your NetWinder account is
automatically used for your discussion account; you do not need to register
a discussion account in that case.
NOTE: If you are logged into your NetWinder using the administrator account, httpd,
you should not register a discussions account. You should shut down your web
browser and restart it, logging in using a standard user account first.
The administrator has special privileges to move and delete messages from the
forums, but isn't expected to post messages without using a "normal" user
account.
The user registration page contains the following fields, which you need to
fill in:
Username. This is the short name or alias by which you will identify yourself in the discussions.
It is often the same as your NetWinder login name, although it doesn't have
to be.
Full name. Enter your real, full name here.
Password and Verify Password. You can choose a separate password especially for the discussion forums. It
is probably easiest for you if you choose the same password as your main
NetWinder login password, but that isn't necessary.
Since you can't see the password as you type it in these fields, you must enter
it twice to ensure you've done it correctly.
E-mail. This is your full, preferred e-mail address.
Homepage. This is the web address of your home page, if you have one. It's optional, but
it will help other people find you if they become interested in one of your
postings.
Occupation and Hobbies. You can provide this optional personal information to help other forum members
better understand your point of view.
When you have finished entering all the above information, click the
Submit button and your account will be created. You can then
proceed to post messages in your favourite discussion forums.
Clicking on either Public discussion forums or Private discussion forums
brings up a page offering a list of available discussion areas (including all
the public ones, or the private ones that you have access to, depending on which
area you chose to enter).
Until your organization establishes its own forums, you will only see the NetWinder
forum listed. Choose a forum, then click on its name to view the list of threads.
After choosing a forum, you will be presented with a list of current discussion
topics ("threads"). You can click on the name of a thread to read the relevant
messages. If you are the first person to use this forum, the thread list may
be empty.
If you wish, you can return to the list of forums again by clicking
the word Forums at the top of the page.
Whether any threads exist or not, there will be a button at the bottom of the
page called New Thread. Click on it now, then proceed to the next section
to post your first discussion group message.
The message posting screen contains several sets of options, as
follows:
Username and Password (Private discussions only). You must register a special user account before you can participate in the discussion
forums. Read the earlier section, Registering your Account, for more information on how to do this.
Once your account has been registered, enter the username and password in the
spaces provided.
If you have already posted a message during this session, these may already
be filled in for you.
Subject. This is a one-line identification for your message.
The subject line in a discussion group is more important than the subject line
in a private e-mail message. Usually, every message regarding the same topic
in a discussion group will keep the same subject line. That's how discussions
are sorted, and how people decide whether or not to read your message. If
you want your discussion to be read by the right people, you should be sure
to use an informative subject line.
Posting. This is the area in which you type your message.
E-mail all replies. If you check this box, people answering your message will be asked to e-mail
you privately, in addition to posting public messages to the discussion
group.
If you've never used the discussion areas before, try typing in a
test message right now; you should use a subject line like Test
Message so that people will know it's a test, and can easily skip
over it if they want. Don't check the E-mail all replies box
for now.
When you're done entering your message, click the Submit button
to save it. Proofread carefully! You can't change your message
once it has been posted.
The NetWinder allows you to create discussion forums, which are online
areas in which users can post messages either for everyone or to share with
their particular workgroup.
When you click Discussions from the User Home page, you will
see a screen offering two options:
Public discussion forums. These are discussion groups open to
anyone and everyone who has access to the NetWinder, which
normally means everyone at your company. If your NetWinder's
web server is open to the Internet (see Firewall Settings), even
people outside your company can see and participate in discussions.
Private discussion forums. These discussion areas have
restricted readership; only users with accounts on your NetWinder
can access them. See the section called
User Accounts in the chapter User and Group Account Management for information on
setting up user accounts.
If you have administrative access on the NetWinder, you can create
public and private discussion groups as described in the chapter
called Configuring Network Services.
On this page, you can see the following information:
Per-user disk usage. This tells you how much space each user is using on the NetWinder disk.
Per-user disk quota. This is the maximum amount of disk space each user is allowed to use, unless
there is no quota, in which case it will read "unlimited."
Overall disk usage. This shows the amount of disk space available on each part of your disk, compared
to the amount used in total. All of your user files are stored in the / area; netwinder system files are in the / partition.
The Internet DNS service is responsible for converting Internet domain names
(such as www.rebel.com) to IP addresses (such as 192.168.42.13). Less often, the DNS is also asked to convert in the other direction - IP addresses
to domain names.
Your NetWinder provides a DNS so you can publish your own name-to-address mappings.
If you already have a DNS server on your network, the NetWinder can be configured
to use that instead -- see the Ethernet Settings section.
You should only use the NetWinder's built-in DNS if you don't already have a
DNS on your network. If you will not be using your NetWinder's DNS, you can
safely skip the rest of this section.
If you click DNS manager from the Network settings screen, you will see a page that looks like this:
This is the list of domain names that your NetWinder's DNS server is
currently publishing. The exact process of choosing, registering and publishing
domain names is quite complicated, and is beyond the scope of this manual; in
fact, entire books have been written on the subject. If you need to publish
your own domain names, you should either obtain one of those books, or ask your
internet service provider (ISP) for help.
To publish a new domain on your NetWinder's DNS server, click on Add a
new domain. You will see the following page:
There are two kinds of domains that a DNS server can handle: forward
domains and reverse domains. Forward domains have regular names, such
as rebel.com; their job is to convert Internet domain names, such as www.rebel.com, into IP addresses.
Reverse domains do the opposite – they convert IP addresses into domain
names. They have unusual names, which are a series of numbers followed by the
letters .in-addr.arpa.
NOTE: Simply adding a domain on your NetWinder will not make it available to the world.
You need to register your domain with the appropriate authorities. If you
don't know how to do this, you should ask your internet service provider for
help.
If you create or edit a forward DNS domain, you will see a screen that looks
like this:
A table of values appears. Each line in the table has three parts:
Name. This is the name that we are publishing. If it ends in a dot (.), it is a complete domain name by itself; otherwise (and much more commonly)
it will have this domain's name appended to it. If you are currently editing
the rebel.com domain, then the name server1 will be published as server1.rebel.com.
Record type. This is the type of name that we are
publishing. There are four common types: Address (A), Nameserver (NS), Mail exchanger (MX), and Pointer
(PTR). These are discussed later.
Value. This is the value that the name will point to. Its
content depends on the record type: in an A record, the
value is an IP address; otherwise, it is another domain name.
A forward DNS map will normally contain several A records, one
or two NS records, and one or two MX records. However, you can have any number of any of these records. A forward map
will never contain a PTR record.
You can add entries to your DNS map by clicking Add a new
record, or edit existing entries by clicking the word Edit
next to the appropriate entry. A page like this will appear:
A records provide the main purpose of DNS: to convert domain names to IP addresses.
They work as you might expect; in the DNS map for rebel.com,
server1 A 192.168.42.13
means that server1.rebel.com has the address 192.168.42.13.
On the other hand, the NS records provide additional information that help the DNS system run smoothly.
Normally, the Name field of an NS line is blank; since it has the domain name (e.g. rebel.com) appended automatically, it matches the whole domain, not any particular host.
The Value field specifies the domain name of a master name server for this domain. By
checking the NS entries in a domain, a program querying the DNS map can determine if a particular
domain name server is authoritative -- that is, whether it is the master for the domain.
Finally, MX entries specify mail exchangers for the domain. This is how mail programs know,
for example, that mail for ffiddle@rebel.com should be handled by a computer called server1.rebel.com. As with NS entries, the Name field is blank, and the Value field is a domain name. So,
MX server1.rebel.com.
means that server1.rebel.com is a mail exchanger for rebel.com. Notice the trailing dot; this is to prevent the name server from appending
rebel.com to the name a second time.
Reverse DNS domains work in much the same way as forward DNS domains, except
that their purpose is to convert IP addresses to domain names, instead of the
other way around.
The table for reverse DNS maps follows the same format as for forward maps,
except this time only two record types should be used: Nameserver (NS), and Pointer (PTR).
As with forward maps, the NS entry specifies the name of a domain name server that is authoritative for the
domain. Usually, your own DNS will be at least one of these.
A PTR record actually does the work of mapping an IP address
to a name. The Name field consists of the last part of the IP
address, while the Value field is the hostname itself. Since
the domain we are defining is an .in-addr.arpa domain, we
certainly don't want the target names to have the current domain
appended; thus, we always provide the full domain name, and follow
it with a dot. For example, in the 42.168.192.in-addr.arpa
domain, the entry
12 PTR server1.rebel.com.
means that 192.168.42.12 has the name server1.rebel.com.
You can add entries to your DNS map by clicking Add a new
record, or edit existing entries by clicking the word Edit
next to the appropriate entry.
Your NetWinder is designed to be a very stable and reliable standalone device.
However, because you configure it using a web browser, there is a possibility
that you might mistakenly change an option that makes the NetWinder inaccessible
to your browser. In that case, you will be locked out and you will not be able
to revert to the original configuration. You have an emergency.
We solve this problem by making it possible to attach a keyboard and monitor
to the NetWinder so that you can adjust its network settings without using the
network.
Backup NetWinder OfficeServer software is also supplied on the Resources
CD-ROM supplied with your NetWinder.
If your NetWinder is already powered up, you should power it down before attaching
a keyboard and monitor. Otherwise, you could damage your NetWinder hardware.
When you attach a keyboard (use one with a standard PS/2 connector) and SVGA
monitor to your NetWinder and turn on the power, you will see many messages
go by on the screen. This is the Linux operating system starting up and is normal.
If the network settings have become severely corrupted, some parts of the boot-up
process may take a very long time to complete. They are looking for hosts on
the network, and will eventually give up and let the boot process continue.
Be patient.
When the boot process is complete, the NetWinder displays a screen with a login: prompt. Log in using your root administrator account. Type the word root, and when asked for the password, enter that as well. The default password for
root what you set during the Quick Start procedure. If you did not specify a password
during Quick Start, it will be rebel You should change this password as soon as you log in; you can do this by typing
passwd followed by the Enter key. Then simply follow the prompts.
Once logged in, you will receive a prompt ending with the number sign (#). That
tells you that you're the administrator.
This book will tell you everything you ever wanted to know about how to operate
your NetWinder OfficeServer system. It comes in two formats:
Every NetWinder we sell includes a printed copy of the book, which is especially
useful for you while you set up your NetWinder for the first time, and configure
your Windows and other workstations to talk to it.
The NetWinder itself also has an online, HTML version of the manual. Once
you have reached the OfficeServer Web-based configuration pages, you can press
the Help link to view this manual.
Both manuals have exactly the same information and can be used interchangeably.
This book is designed to give you the information you need as you need it.
The NetWinder system operates in either User Mode or Administration Mode. User
Mode screens are predominately blue; Administration Mode screens are burgundy.
Regular users cannot access Administration Mode features without the system
administration password. Sections in this manual of interest to regular users
include Chapter 1: Meet the Officerserver; the first part of Chapter 2: Installation
& Configuration; Chapter 4: Changing Your User Profile; Chapter 5: InfoPlace
Document Manager; Chapter 6: Discussion Forums and Chapter 7: Searching for
Documents.
When you first get started with your OfficeServer, you should start at
the beginning of the book and read each chapter in order. We have organized
the information to build on your knowledge from start to finish. If you find
a chapter that contains something you already know, just skip it and move on.
Most advanced features are discussed towards the end of the book. As long as
you're reading from front to back, you can just stop reading once you've set
up all the NetWinder features you intend to use at first.
Later on, you nay need to find refer to the manual for more information.
We labelled the chapters based on typical user and administration tasks to make
it easier to find what you're looking for. Each page in the NetWinder web-based
configuration system also has a Help link that will take you to the appropriate
section of the online manual.
Our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) database is located at http://www.rebel.com/services/nw_faq.htm.
This database contains a wide variety of frequently asked questions that provide
information about most known issues and their solutions.
This Federal Communications Commission (FCC) statement applies to you if you
have model number NetWinder[tm]-A.
NetWinder[tm]-A
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the instructions manual, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct
the interference at his own expense. This device complies with Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A
Information Technology Equipment according to CISPR 22/European Standard EN
55022. The limits for Class A equipment were derived for typical residential
environments to provide reasonable protection against interference with licensed
communication devices.
WARNING
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may
cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take
adequate measures.
Industry Canada Compliance Statement
This Class A digital apparatus meets the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing
Equipments Regulations.
Avis de comformité à la règlementation d'industrie Canada
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du
Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Australian Electromagnet Compatibility (EMC) Regulations
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause
radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate
measures.
This Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement applies to you if you
have model number NetWinder[tm].
NetWinder[tm]
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in
a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged
to try to correct the interface by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation.
NetWinder
Responsible party:
Rebel.com Inc, 150 Isabella St. Suite 1000 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 1V7
European Community Compliance Statement
This product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class B
Information Technology Equipment according to CISPR 22/European Standard EN
55022. The limits for Class B equipment were derived for typical residential
environments to provide reasonable protection against interference with licensed
communication devices.
Industry Canada Compliance Statement
This Class B digital apparatus meets the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing
Equipment Regulations.
Avis de comformité à la règlementation d'industrie Canada
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du
Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Depending on the exact hardware model you receive, your NetWinder includes several
gigabytes (GB or billions of bytes) of available disk space, which you can use
for documents, web pages or other kinds of files. There are five services to
get files onto your NetWinder:
FTP. The internet file transfer protocol is a simple method of copying files from
one computer to another. To use this, you will need an FTP client
program. You also need to enable the FTP server as described in the
section FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Server of the chapter Configuring Network Services.
Windows file sharing. If you enable the Windows File Sharing service as described in the Configuring Network Services chapter, your NetWinder will allow you to drag and drop files using Windows
95/98/NT's Network Neighborhood. Below, we will explain how to publish folders in the Network Neighborhood.
Macintosh file sharing. If you enable the Apple File Sharing service, your NetWinder will allow you to drag and drop files from the Mac Finder. Below, we will explain how to publish folders that can be seen from a Macintosh.
Unix file sharing. If you have Unix or Linux computers, they can access the NetWinder's files using
the NFS (Network File System) protocol. Below, we will explain how to publish
files that can be seen from a Unix system.
If you click on Share manager from the Network
administration screen, you will see a page that looks like this:
This lists the directories that are being shared with Windows, Macintosh, and
UNIX computers, respectively.
If you click the word Edit next to a share, or click on the words Add
a new share, you will see a page like this:
The options available are as follows:
Share name. This is the name of the shared directory as it will appear in Windows Network
Neighborhood or Mac Finder. When exporting only to UNIX this name is not
required.
Path to share. This is the NetWinder directory from which you wish to export. Typical names
are /usr/doc or /home/ffiddle.
Export to Windows? If you say Yes here, the directory will show up in the Windows Network Neighborhood.
Export to Macintosh? If you say Yes here, the directory will show up in the Mac Finder, under the Apple menu in
Chooser when AppleTalk is selected.
Export to Unix? If you say Yes here, the directory will be available to Unix hosts.
Access control. If you say Everyone, all computers on your network will be allowed to access the files; in that
case, you should be careful to configure your Firewall Settings so that people outside your network cannot access your server. If you specify
Only the listed groups, then only the user groups you specify will be allowed to access the server.
See the section called Groups for details about creating user groups.
Additional NFS options. This line is for tweaking NFS options, for those administrators familiar with
NFS. Common options are no_root_squash, ro (read-only), and rw (read-write).
When you have finished entering the information, click the Save button to create or finish modifying the share.
The term firewall comes from automobile mechanics; cars include something
called a firewall to prevent fires and explosions in the engine from
easily reaching the inside of the car, where they can hurt people.
In the same way, a network firewall prevents computers on the internet (where
virtual fires, explosions and breakdowns are common) from reaching computers
on your local network, where they can do damage.
Your NetWinder uses the advanced Linux kernel for its firewall features. The
Linux firewall is very powerful, and has a wide variety of options that allow
you to restrict outsiders from getting in or insiders from getting out. You
can limit people's access based on their computer's address, or based on particular
services (such as e-mail or the web).
WARNING
Because the Linux firewall is so powerful, it can be difficult and confusing
to configure. You can also easily lock out your workstation from the web-based
configuration; if you do that, you will need to attach a keyboard and
monitor to your NetWinder to repair the problem. See the chapter called
Recovering from Emergencies if this happens.
Because of these problems, you should avoid changing your NetWinder's firewall
unless you have a good reason. The default settings are sufficiently secure
for most sites.
When you click Firewall from the Network configuration
page, you will see a page that looks like this:
Before we actually make any firewall settings, let's look at some background
information.
The Linux firewall included in your NetWinder uses a three-stage process to decide
whether or not a network packet will be allowed to pass through the firewall.
Each of these stages is called a "chain."
The three firewall chains are as follows:
Input firewall. When any packet first arrives at your NetWinder, it passes through the Input
firewall. By restricting connections at this level, you can prevent users
from accessing particular services on your NetWinder, or throw away packets
that are clearly "spoofed" (such as 192.168.x.x packets coming from the
internet).
Usually, if you want to block a connection, the In-put firewall is the place
to do it, because it throws the connection away before it has a chance to
reach any other parts of the NetWinder.
Requests generated from the NetWinder itself do not pass through the Input firewall;
however, they do pass through the Output firewall. On the other hand, responses
to the NetWinder's requests will pass through the Input firewall on the
way back, which is usually enough to block them.
Forward firewall. When the Netwinder is acting as a router (that is, you have said Yes to Packet Forwarding in the Ethernet Settings), you can choose who is allowed to route through your NetWinder using the Forward
firewall.
For example, you can say that users on the local network are allowed to use
your NetWinder to reach the web server port on remote internet sites, but
no other services; or, you can block access to certain sites altogether.
The Forward firewall also allows you to configure a feature called IP Masquerading
(also known as NAT, or Network Address Translation) for particu-lar sites.
For example, you can specify that all hosts on your local network can access
the internet through your NetWinder, but that they will all appear to have
the NetWinder's IP address. This allows you to share a single modem connection
between all the computers on your network, for example. It also increases
security. This feature is en-abled by default on the NetWinder OfficeServer.
Usually, the forwarding rules are fairly simple: you want to enable masquerading
for local sites, and not for outside sites. To block individual connections,
you'll usually use the Input firewall.
If your NetWinder is not acting as a router, the Forward firewall is not used.
Output firewall. Before the NetWinder sends out any network packets, no matter where they came
from, it checks them against the Output firewall. This can be used to block
messages from your NetWinder from going to undesired places, or to prevent
NetWinder from contacting certain other hosts on the internet by accident.
The Output firewall chain is usually left empty, because almost all firewall
work can be easily done with the Input and Forward firewalls.
The next thing to learn about firewalls is the four different policies
that you can apply when forming firewall rules.
Each firewall chain consists of a sequence of rules, evaluated from top to bottom,
that match different kinds of network packets. Each rule has a policy
that specifies how the firewall should treat a packet that matches this rule.
If none of the rules matches a particular packet, the default policy
will be applied instead.
There are three policies that can be applied in any of the three chains (input,
output and forwarding)::
Accept. This policy specifies that the chain should immediately accept a packet, and
continue on its way. In the case of the Forward firewall, it will be sent
through the Output firewall and along to its final destination.
Reject. This means that the packet should be returned to the sender with an error message.
Usually, when you want to block a connection, you will use the Reject policy.
Deny. This means that the packet should be quietly discarded and no further action
should be taken. If a packet matches a Deny rule, your NetWinder will act
as if the packet simply didn't exist. Eventually, the requesting computer
will give up with a "host not responding" or timeout message.
Most people consider using the Deny policy rude. However, if you deny all
types of connections except the ones you really want, your NetWinder will
look almost completely invisible to the internet, which may discourage people
from trying to break in. On the other hand, this can be very confusing to
technicians who are legitimately trying to resolve network problems. Unless
you have a good reason, you should avoid using the Deny policy.
Redirect. This allows you to redirect incoming requests to another
host on or off your network. This is almost never used.
Masquerading (Masq). This type of policy can only be applied in
the Forward firewall.
When a forwarded packet matches a Masq rule, your NetWinder will perform
a 'magical' operation that relabels the connection as if it were originating
at the NetWinder. As far as the remote side is concerned, the NetWinder
is making a request. When the response comes back, it will be automatically
relabelled again, so that the original requester isn't aware that anything
special has happened.
This is useful for three reasons:
Your ISP. Most internet service providers (ISPs) only provide a single IP address when
you make a modem connection. This is because, almost always, a modem connection
is made by a single computer which only needs one address.
However, with masquerading, you can use this single address for every
computer on your local network, so that each computer can access the internet
through the same modem connection at the same time. Because your NetWinder
does its magic, you don't need any special support from your ISP.
Address preservation. If you want (and often if you pay extra), your ISP can provide you with multiple
addresses: one for each computer on your network. Before masquerading was
invented, this was the usual way to obtain IP addresses for your local workstations.
However, that technique caused trouble: usually, the addresses that
you obtained were owned by your particular ISP, so switching from one
ISP to another was a painful experience. Also, there are only a limited
number of IP addresses on the internet, so it can be difficult to find
enough addresses in a single set for your entire organization.
Masquerading allows you to use whatever addresses you want on your local
network, without negotiating with your ISP. Your ISP assigns your NetWinder
only one address, which the NetWinder discovers automatically when the
modem connects.
Security. Perhaps the most important benefit of masquerading is the increased security
it provides your network. On most networks, general-purpose workstations
are not carefully monitored for security factors, so they are often the
main focus of outside attacks. Routers and firewalls, however, are usually
carefully designed and configured so that they are secure.
If you use masquerading, outsiders will never see the addresses of your
local workstations; they only see the address of the NetWinder itself.
If masquerading is configured correctly, an outsider will first need
to break into your NetWinder before even beginning to attack other computers
on your network.
As with the other Forward firewall rules, masquerading doesn't work unless
you have enabled Packet forwarding under Ethernet Settings.
If you are not an advanced user, we suggest leaving the firewall settings as
they are. The default settings ensure sufficient security. By creating
firewall rules, you have the ability to block access from your own computer
to the web-based configuration. If you do that, the only way to recover
is to attach a keyboard and monitor to your NetWinder, and fix it from
the console.
If you click the words Add a new rule under any of the three
firewall chains, you'll see a screen that looks like this:
The options are as follows:
Policy. This defines how a packet will be handled if it matches this rule. We described
the different policies above, in the sections called Standard Firewall Policies and The Masquerading Policy.
Source IP address. If a packet does not come from this address, it will not match the rule. Leave
this blank if you want to match packets from any address.
Source netmask. The source IP address can refer to an entire IP subnetwork. For example, if
the source address is 192.168.42.0 and the subnet is 255.255.255.0, then
the rule will match packets from any computer on the 192.168.42.x network.
If you leave the source IP address blank, you should leave this entry blank
as well. If you supply the source IP address and leave the netmask blank,
only the exact address that you specify will be matched; not a whole
network of addresses.
Source ports. If a packet does not come from this range of ports, it will not match the rule.
You can specify either a single port number (e.g. 80) or a range (e.g. 1:1024).
If you leave this blank, any port number will match. If you specify the
port number you must use either TCP or UDP in the Protocol field
below.
Destination address/netmask/ports. These work like the Source address, netmask, and ports, except they match the
packet's target instead of its source.
Protocol. This is one of TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, GGP, PUP, IDP, Raw, or All.
Interface. You can use this to specify that only packets arriving (or, for the Output firewall,
departing) on a particular network interface will match. This is often more
reliable than specifying only the source or destination address. For example,
you can choose to allow forwarding from eth1 to eth0, rather than entering
subnet addresses.
Click the Save button when you have finished entering the above information.
After you finish making changes, you can choose to make them permanent. A screen
summarizing your changes will appear and ask you to confirm them. This is your
last chance to abort the changes, which may accidentally cause your workstation
to be blocked from the NetWinder. Once you confirm the changes, the new firewall
rules will be activated.
Your NetWinder's web configuration system has two modes: User Mode,
which is available to both normal users and the administrator, and Administration
Mode, which is available only to the administrator and allows you to change
various special configuration options.
To switch from User Mode to Administration Mode, simply click the words Switch
to administration mode at the bottom of the User Mode screen. You may be
asked to enter your password again. After that, you'll see this page:
Note: The on-screen highlight colour for Administration Mode is burgundy,
while for User Mode it is blue, to remind you at all times of your current
mode of operation.
Once again, open the web browser. Type in the NetWinder IP address assigned
in the section above to connect to the NetWinder configuration system. For example,
if you assigned your NetWinder the IP address 192.168.1.1,
then you should send your web browser to http://192.168.1.1.
Congratulations! You have successfully initialized your NetWinder OfficeServer
and are on the NetWinder User Home page.
Passwords
Whenever you are prompted for user name and password, use these temporary values:
For administrator account name use httpd
For password use webroot
WARNING
It is very important to change your password to something more secure
as soon as you log in. Otherwise, anyone who reads this manual could reconfigure
your NetWinder!
You can download software and operating system updates from the NetWinder FTP
site. Our support specialists will guide you to the correct location for file
downloading.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Creating a group is easy. On the Groups page, click Add a
new group. You'll see a page that looks like this:
You need to fill in the following information:
Group name. Give your group a name. This is very similar to a username, in that the NetWinder
uses it to keep track of the group. It can be up to 8 characters long.
Group members. Here, the NetWinder displays a list of the users on your system. Using the mouse,
put a check mark next to the users you want to be in your new group.
When you've finished entering your group information, click the Save button.
To edit a group, find the group on the Groups screen and click
the word Edit next to the group name. You will see a page very
much like the one used in Creating Groups. Make
the necessary changes and then click Save.
To remove a group, click the word Remove next to the group you
want to remove. You'll get a chance to confirm your change, and
then the group will be removed.
Ventilation slots. Be sure to keep these clear of obstructions; without
ventilation, your NetWinder may overheat.
Power-in jack. Connects the NetWinder to the mains (AC) power with
the supplied AC cord/adapter.
Serial port. Connects the NetWinder to the Internet via a serial
modem or ISDN terminal adapter.
Keyboard jack. Plug your keyboard cable in here on the rare occasion
when you want to access the NetWinder directly (normal access is via any desktop
computer on your network).
Mouse jack. Plug your mouse cable in here to access the NetWinder
directly (normal access is via any desktop computer on your network).
10/100 Base-T input. Connects your internal network hub (the box
into which all the office computers are plugged) to the NetWinder via the
supplied network cable (Eth 1).
10 Base-T input. Connects your NetWinder to the Internet via xDSL
modem, cable modem or ISDN router (Eth 0).
Ethernet status lights. There is a green light for each of the ethernet
connectors. When the light for the 10baseT connection glows green, the corresponding
ethernet link is established. The light for the 10/100baseT connection turns
on when network activity takes place.
Monitor jack. Plug your monitor in here to access the NetWinder
directly (normal access is via any desktop computer on your network).
Parallel port. Connects your NetWinder to a parallel peripheral
such as a printer.
NOTE: Desktop model is illustrated; rackmount connectors are similar.
NOTE: The back panel may not look exactly like this, depending on
the model of NetWinder you receive. However, the connectors themselves will
be labelled similarly and operate in the same way.
The most common NetWinder is the desktop model, which has a small, stylish case
and the following components:
Stand A base that stands the NetWinder upright to save desk space.
Reset button (orange) used to reset or shut off the NetWinder.
Speaker to monitor start-up and shutdown sounds.
Volume control. Start off with it set at the halfway mark.
Two front status lights. The one on the left (or top) is green when
the NetWinder is powered up and working; the one on the right (or bottom)
is green when there is hard drive activity.
Ventilation slots. Located on the side and bottom of the cabinet.
Keep clear to prevent overheating.
The Rebel.com NetWinder was designed to be a small, fast, reliable and economical
computer appliance. It uses the powerful 32-bit, 275 MHz StrongARM processor
and its software is based on the popular, high-availability Linux operating
system.
Rebel.com produces a full line of products based on the NetWinder platform,
from workstations to network terminals to servers. The OfficeServer is one of
our most advanced products to date, providing complex network services with
an easy web-based set-up interface.
Although the OfficeServer software comes installed from the factory, you need
to adjust the configuration to suit your particular needs. Before we get into
that, however, you will want to examine your hardware to make sure you have
all the pieces that you need.
